quinta-feira, 20 de setembro de 2007

Noções de Cartografia

PONTOS DE ORIENTAÇÃO :
  • Cardeais : Norte ou Setentrional ou Boreal, Sul ou Meridional ou Austral, Leste ou Oriente ou Nascente e Oeste ou Ocidente ou Poente,
  • Colaterais: Nordeste, Noroeste, Sudeste e Sudoeste,
  • Subcolateral: será sempre foramdo por um Cardeal e um Colateral, tendo 3 letras em sua abreviatura : por exemplo- N + NE = NNE= Norte-Nordeste e assim por diante.

LINHAS IMAGINÁRIAS :

  • Paralelo : linha imaginária horizontal, Equador é o principal e possui 0° de latitude,
  • Meridiano : linha imaginária vertical, Greenwich é o principal e possui 0° de longitude,

COORDENADAS GEOGRÁFICAS :

  • Latitude: distância em graus de um ponto até o Equador, refere-se ao grau do paralelo,
  • Longitude: distância em graus de um ponto até o Greenwich, refere-se ao grau do meridiano.
  • a latitude é responsável pela variação climática e a longitude pela variação dos fusos horários,

a cada 15° de longitude = a 1 hora adiantada para Leste e atrasada para Oeste.

maior latitude menor clima e menor latitude maior clima.

EXERCÍCIOS EXEMPLOS:

1) Sobre noções de cartografia é Correto afirmar , Exceto :

a) o meridiano é perpendicular ao paralelo,

b) os meridianos unem um pólo ao outro,

c) o sol nasce no leste ou ocidente e se põe no oeste ou oriente,

d) os fusos horários são variados de acordo com os meridianos.

Resposta é : letra C, pois o Leste é Oriental e o Oeste é Ocidental

2) Um ponto abaixo do Equador à 30° e à esquerda de Greenwich à 45°, este ponto tem como coordenada geográfica ?

a) lat 30° Norte e long 45° Oeste

b) lat 30° Norte e long 45° Leste

c) lat 45° Sul e long 30° Leste

d) lat 30° Sul e long 45°Oeste

Resposta é : D , abaixo do Equador é Sul no grau de 30°, logo lat 30°sul e a esquerda de Greenwich é Oeste, logo long 45° oeste

OBS: para lembrar fuso horário este ponto se encontra a 3 fusos atrasados de Greenwich,


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